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1914-1945: Overview / War Years / Interwar Years / World War II / Changing Attitudes
Interwar Years
Interwar Legislation
The Second Wave
Exclusion
Discrimination during and following the war significantly impacted German-Canadians, who often changed their names during the interwar years: for example, Schmidt to Smith, Braun to Brown, and Biehn to Bean. German-Canadian towns and cities also changed names: for example, Dusseldorf, Alberta to Freedom and Berlin, Ontario to Kitchener. Kitchener's Board of Education eliminated German language classes in public schools. By 1921, more than 100,000 German Canadians are believed to have identified themselves to census takers as "Dutch" or "Austrian."
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