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Many villages in Galicia and Bukovyna supported reading
clubs and a wide variety of educational institutions. As Stella Hryniuk has
pointed out, Ukrainian peasant society was changing markedly by the end of
the century, probably the reason why immigration could actually take place.
Sensing fewer land opportunities for the next generation, these farming communities
began seeing Canadian migration as a prudent planning strategy. As for poverty,
the typical Ukrainian immigrant was probably moderately wealthy, free of debt,
owned land, and carried a significant amount of cash when he arrived in Canada.
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